Premier Yard Treatment Services in Philadelphia: Professional Tips for Year-Round Grass Upkeep 12178

From Wiki Spirit
Revision as of 09:01, 29 January 2026 by Vormasnord (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<html><p> <img src="https://seo-neo-test.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/eas-landscaping/lawn%20care%20company.png" style="max-width:500px;height:auto;" ></img></p><p> Philadelphia lawns have actually an individuality shaped by clay-heavy soils, damp summer seasons, and winters months that turn from sloppy to serious. If you've ever before watched an irregular lawn perk up after a well-timed aeration or seen cool-season turf collapse under July warmth, you recognize the city...")
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigationJump to search

Philadelphia lawns have actually an individuality shaped by clay-heavy soils, damp summer seasons, and winters months that turn from sloppy to serious. If you've ever before watched an irregular lawn perk up after a well-timed aeration or seen cool-season turf collapse under July warmth, you recognize the city's peculiarities require both preparation and dexterity. The best grass treatment solutions in Philly collaborate with those realities, not versus them. They time improvements around dirt temperatures, adjust trimming elevations as summer season works out in, and manage the unpleasant middle ground where grass treatment fulfills urban landscaping.

This guide mixes practical, season-by-season upkeep advice with insight on picking the ideal grass treatment business in Philly. I'll likewise describe what separates top-tier carriers from the remainder, based upon years of strolling residential properties, repairing watering, and making note on what actually thrives here.

What makes Philadelphia lawns unique

The region's dominant lawn kinds are cool-season yards, generally tall fescue with some Kentucky bluegrass and perennial rye blended in. Tall fescue is the workhorse for city and suv homes, many thanks to its warm resistance, deep rooting, and boosted drought resistance compared to bluegrass. Philly's mid-Atlantic environment means rapid springtime development, stress and anxiety in peak summer season, a solid autumn recovery window, and a dormant or semi-dormant winter.

Soils commonly lean clay loam, which compacts conveniently and holds water. That can be a blessing throughout dry spells however a migraine throughout wet stretches, when roots asphyxiate. Numerous rowhome grass sit over construction backfill with inadequate organic matter. Grass struggles there without oygenation, garden compost topdressing, and cautious watering.

We additionally contend with thick tree covers in communities like Chestnut Hill and West Philly. Shield is the silent grass killer, and the best landscaper in Philly will certainly tell you the truth: turf needs a minimum of four hours of filtered light to look respectable long term. In deep shade, groundcovers or mulch beds outperform grass, both cosmetically and financially.

How to choose a lawn treatment firm in Philadelphia

A great yard care company in Philly does greater than cut and blow. They construct a strategy around your microclimate, dirt, and use. Right here is what I search for when evaluating carriers:

Experience with cool-season grass and clay soils. Ask how they take care of compaction, which aeration tools they utilize, and whether they recommend slit seeding in fall.

Soil-first technique. Premier teams push dirt testing every two to three years, adjust pH with lime or sulfur as needed, and utilize slow-release nitrogen to decrease surge growth.

Transparent, seasonal programs. Philly yards take advantage of 6 to eight service touchpoints each year. Clear timetables aid you prepare, particularly for seeding and pre-emergent windows.

Practical irrigation advice. A lot of city residential properties count on tubes and sprinklers. An experienced team helps establish sensible sprinkling timetables without overselling watering systems where they're not needed.

Pest and weed control with judgment. Crabgrass, nutsedge, and wild violet are common here. Grubs appear after wet springs. Look for companies that prefer targeted therapy, not blanket spraying.

There's additionally the human aspect. The most effective firms interact early regarding climate hold-ups, leave notes after each go to, and clarify compromises clearly. If your color degree or soil profile makes a picture-perfect yard unrealistic, a credible team will change your plan towards landscaping services Philadelphia locals make use of to enhance lawn, like broadened beds or native plant borders.

The seasonal rhythm that operates in Philadelphia

An excellent lawn in this city is the product of good timing. The calendar issues, but soil and air temperatures matter a lot more. Here is exactly how I map the year.

Late winter months into early spring: wake-up and prevention

Once snow mold declines and the soil is firm enough to function, I start with a quick clean-up. Trim high to strip off wintertime's rough ends. Rake out matted locations lightly, not boldy, to prevent rooting out tender crowns.

This is the window for pre-emergent herbicides to quit crabgrass. Aim for when soil temperature levels struck roughly 55 levels for a number of days. That normally lands anywhere from late March to mid April, depending on the year. If you prepare to seed bare places in springtime, miss pre-emergent because location or use a product identified for new seed.

On dirts that evaluated acidic, late winter or very early spring is a clever time for lime. Numerous Philadelphia grass rest in between pH 5.5 and 6.3. Cool-season grasses choose 6.2 to 7.0. Do not guess. Lime without an examination and you can lock up nutrients for many years. A leading grass treatment business in Philadelphia will schedule soil testing ahead of time and spread the improvement over numerous applications instead of discarding a heavy dose in one pass.

Mowing begins again as growth returns to. Establish the deck at 3 to 3.5 inches for fescue. This greater cut shades soil, lowers evaporation, and discourages weeds. Develop the blade. Plain blades tear yard, which raises disease danger in our damp springs.

Late springtime into very early summertime: manage development, get ready for stress

This is the period of quick growth and unforeseen storms. Tall fescue reacts well to a light feeding with slow-release nitrogen, typically 0.5 to 0.75 extra pounds of real nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. Press it tougher and you construct lavish development that struggles when warmth arrives. I prefer to leave area for a stronger loss feeding, when the plant can bank power in roots.

Weed stress climbs now. Dandelions are easy marks with careful herbicides or a sharp weeder after rain. Ground ivy and wild violet are harder. Sensible, targeted therapies work best. Covering splashing the whole grass wastes product and can burn tender springtime growth.

If grubs were a concern last year, speak to your supplier concerning precautionary therapies based upon surveillance, not habit. Not every backyard needs it, and useful bugs suffer when you spray preventively without cause.

Irrigation, if you have it, must supplement rainfall, not change it. Early summer can be feast or starvation. Go for an inch of water each week incorporated, adjusting for rainfall. Deep, infrequent watering is the rule. Grass that obtains a daily sprinkle trains origins towards the surface area and stress out much faster in July.

High summer season: secure and conserve

Philadelphia summer seasons are moist, and warm breaks will test your yard. This is when you change methods. Increase cutting height to 3.5 to 4 inches. Skip a cut if the grass slows under warmth stress. Scalping invites diseases like brownish spot, which likes cozy evenings and damp foliage.

Fertilization ought to be marginal or none in July and August. Feeding throughout warmth encourages leading development at the precise moment roots are having a hard time. If a lawn maintenance Philadelphia strategy recommends a hefty mid-summer feeding for cool-season turf, ask why. In nearly every case, it's far better to wait.

Irrigate as the yard demands. The screwdriver test is easy and reliable: push a screwdriver right into the soil. If it glides in conveniently to the take care of, dampness is adequate. If it only permeates an inch, the dirt is dry. Water early in the early morning so leaves dry promptly. If you select to allow the lawn go inactive, water lightly every a couple of weeks, around a fifty percent inch, just to maintain crowns alive.

Watch for illness. Brownish spot reveals as uneven tan patches with a dark margin. Summer season spot can be more perilous, typically connected to compaction and stressed out origins. Social controls precede: sharpen blades, avoid late-day watering, and miss nitrogen. An experienced landscaper in Philly can recommend when fungicides are warranted for high-value turf, however the majority of home lawns recover with loss oygenation and overseeding.

Fall: Philly's prime time for healing and renovation

From Labor Day to Halloween is the pleasant place. Dirt is cozy, air is cooler, and weeds are much less aggressive. If I can only choose one period to invest in, it would certainly be fall.

Core aeration in September decreases compaction, improves oxygen exchange, and opens up networks for nutrients and water. On clay-heavy yards, drawing cores a minimum of annually makes a dramatic distinction over a couple of periods. I choose hollow-tine aerators and a dual pass if the soil is heavily compacted.

Overseeding right after aeration functions well. Tall fescue mixes that include turf-type selections create a thick, fine-bladed appearance with far better illness resistance. Aim for 3 to 5 pounds of seed per 1,000 square feet for overseeding, higher for complete remodelling. Topdressing with a quarter inch of screened garden compost aids hold seed, enhances microbial life, and smooths small undulations.

Fertilization belongs here. A well balanced autumn program gives 0.75 to 1 extra pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in early fall and an additional light application 6 to 8 weeks later, changed based upon soil examinations. This strategy drives origin development and carb storage, which pay off next spring.

Broadleaf weeds are surprisingly prone in fall. Therapies for clover, plantain, and dandelion are a lot more efficient currently because plants are drawing resources continuously into their roots. If you like a lighter chemical footprint, area therapy stays a wise compromise.

Leaf administration matters. Wet leaves suffocate grass and welcome snow mold and mildew. Compost mowing, which chops leaves right into great little bits, operates in many instances and returns raw material to the dirt. When the volume exceeds what the mower can manage, accumulate and compost or ask your landscaping services Philadelphia company to carry them. The objective is constantly the exact same: prevent matting and maintain light reaching the grass.

Winter: protect what you built

Once growth stops, make a last cleaning pass. The last cut normally lands around 2.75 to 3 inches, somewhat less than your summer season height. This helps reduce snow mold and mildew risk, though we do not get the consistent snow cover seen in north regions. Avoid hefty foot website traffic on icy or saturated yards. If the ground defrosts during a cozy spell, stand up to the lure to rake or work the yard until the dirt companies again.

Winter is additionally a great time to assess bigger adjustments. Do you have areas that never ever prosper due to color or drain? A wise landscaping Philadelphia redesign may change those failings with shade-tolerant perennials, decorative gravel, or widened beds that decrease upkeep and water use. The very best landscaper in Philly will certainly develop with runoff policies and local plant schemes in mind, so your yard looks natural in the neighborhood.

The solution menu that in fact helps

When people look for lawn care services Philadelphia, they often see bundle packages that look compatible. Under the hood, though, there are significant differences. Below is a useful means to consider service options.

Mowing and bordering. Helpful when growth is fast. The quality of work shows in details: alternating mowing patterns to avoid ruts, trimming equally without scalping, and blowing trimmings out of beds instead of burying plants.

Fertilization and weed control. Seek providers who make use of slow-release sources for most of the nitrogen, time feedings to spring and loss, and favor place sprays for weeds. Programs with five to 7 brows through each year are typical, however the material of those visits matters greater than the count.

Aeration and overseeding. This is the solitary most impactful annual solution for compacted Philadelphia lawns. If a firm attempts to avoid it, be doubtful. Slit seeding can match or replace overseeding in serious thinning because it tucks seed right into superficial soil furrows where moisture lingers.

Soil screening and modifications. The distinction in between thinking and screening shows up in your grass within two seasons. pH adjustments, potassium changes, and organic matter approaches are hard to establish without data.

Topdressing and garden compost incorporation. Specifically on newly built homes, where topsoil is thin and subsoil is dense, an annual quarter inch of garden compost after oygenation develops fertility and boosts framework. It is not showy, yet it works.

Irrigation examinations or upgrades. If you have an automatic system, ask for neck and neck protection audits and matched precipitation nozzles. If you rely on tubes, have your carrier mark an easy watering plan that fits your schedule.

Pest and condition monitoring. Instead of arranged pesticide applications, the most effective firms evaluate, document, and deal with when thresholds are reached. Japanese beetle grubs, chinch insects, and fungal conditions need various timing. Spraying on a calendar wastes money and invites resistance.

Watering in the city: useful, not perfect

Many Philly buildings do not have in-ground watering. That is great. I have actually handled lots of fine-looking yards with a couple of oscillating sprinklers and an economical timer. The technique is discipline.

Set lawn sprinklers so they overlap slightly, providing roughly one inch per week spread over two deep soakings. Make use of a tuna can or a rainfall gauge to determine. Move sprinklers systematically to prevent completely dry streaks. If a heat wave hits, rise duration, not regularity. Morning watering protects against fallen leave dampness overnight, which gas fungus.

Side lawns and little yards can be stubborn. Wind passages in between rowhomes make circulation irregular, and fences block spray. In those spots, soaker tubes under a light compost can outperform overhanging watering.

Mowing height, blades, and cuttings: tiny options, huge payoffs

I harp on mowing since it is the most regular touch a grass landscaping service providers Philadelphia gets, and little errors compound. Establish your mower high, hold that line in summer, and prevent removing more than one third of the blade at a time. If a stormy week transforms your lawn into a forest, make use of a dual pass at higher deck settings instead of forcing a solitary drastic cut.

Sharpen blades a minimum of twice a season. If you see white torn ideas on the yard a day after trimming, your blade is plain. Torn suggestions lose water promptly, invite condition, and make the grass appearance gray.

Leave clippings unless they mat. They return nitrogen and organic matter. On heavy growth weeks, bagging is better than smothering the turf. If a yard care business leaves windrows or clumps, ask them to slow down or take a 2nd pass.

The color and tree origin problem

Philadelphia's fully grown communities contain maples, oaks, and sycamores. Trees and grass complete increasingly for water and nutrients. If you have exposed roots at the surface, loading dirt on the top is dangerous. Roots need oxygen. Rather, develop a mulched ring out to the drip line where functional, and approve a lowered turf footprint.

In spotted shade, great fescues can gain an area in the seed blend, but they do not enjoy foot website traffic. Think about stepping stone courses or increased beds via high-traffic shade areas. A great lawn maintenance Philadelphia plan equilibriums appearances with fact, conserving you from reseeding the very same location year after year.

Organic, low-input, and crossbreed programs

Plenty of house owners wish to lower synthetic inputs. That is possible, especially if you purchase soil health, cutting technique, and overseeding. Organic plant foods develop microbial life and release nutrients gradually. Compost topdressing, fallen leave mulching, and clover integration all contribute to a durable lawn.

Be truthful concerning compromises. Weed pressure will be greater in year one and two, particularly versus seasonal weeds like violet. Much of my customers be successful with hybrid programs: organic fertility, social methods like aeration and compost, and targeted herbicides only where essential. A lawn treatment firm in Philadelphia that understands this equilibrium can customize a course that respects your preferences while maintaining the lawn presentable.

Pricing expectations and worth checks

Costs differ by residential property dimension, accessibility, and solution range, however you can orient on your own with rough ranges across the city and close suburban areas. Cutting on little rowhome lawns may run in the moderate weekly rate range during optimal season, while quarter to half-acre suburban whole lots can cost numerous times that. Aeration and overseeding usually falls into a mid-three-to-high-three-figure range depending upon size and seed selection. Complete restoration, which entails non-selective kill, numerous seed passes, and topdressing, can push well over a thousand for bigger properties.

Value reveals itself in outcomes and communication. If a crew appears dependably, leaves clean edges, proactively flags issues, and strikes the crucial fall window on schedule, they are earning their keep. If they avoid aeration, avoid soil examinations, or push mid-summer nitrogen for cool-season grass, press for explanations or consider various other options.

When to call a landscaping company rather than pushing yard fixes

Sometimes, the most intelligent move is to change the canvas. If your front yard obtains less than three hours of light, lawn will certainly constantly battle. If runoff tears channels through your side backyard after tornados, turf is not the repair. Landscaping Philadelphia jobs that add swales, permeable courses, and native plantings can resolve the underlying concerns and reduced maintenance long term.

A qualified landscaper in Philly thinks like a designer and a gardener. They should examine slope, dirt infiltration, and plant selection in addition to aesthetic charm. Deal with teams that value your home's building design and the community's character, not just the Pinterest vision.

A simple, seasonal list you can share with your provider

  • Early springtime: dirt examination if past due, develop lawn mower blades, use pre-emergent when soil strikes mid 50s, light slow-release feeding, cut at 3 to 3.5 inches.
  • Late springtime: spot-treat weeds, screen for grubs if there is a history, verify irrigation insurance coverage, maintain mowing height steady.
  • Summer: elevate mowing to 3.5 to 4 inches, water deeply in mornings as needed, prevent hefty nitrogen, manage disease stress with social practices.
  • Early fall: core freshen, overseed with turf-type tall fescue mix, topdress with garden compost, use a well balanced fall fertilizer.
  • Late autumn: second light plant food if appropriate, mulch or eliminate leaves prior to they mat, final trim around 2.75 to 3 inches.

How premier suppliers earn their reputation

I have actually viewed business make first-class reputations the slow-moving means, over years of regular field work. They do the unglamorous things well. They stop after a thunderstorm to reschedule a trim instead of rut your dirt. They switch from blanket weed control to detect spray the first time you ask, then describe the realistic timeline for renovation. They urge loss aeration also if it is the busiest week of their year, due to the fact that they recognize that is when it counts.

When you assess lawn care services Philadelphia homeowners advise, look beyond social evidence to process. Ask how they educate workers, what they do when a task fails, and just how they deal with side instances like new sod in a heat wave. Excellent solutions specify. If the salesperson can not define the seed mix they utilize, the nitrogen source in their fertilizer, or the target dirt pH, keep interviewing.

A few side situations worth calling out

New construction grass usually remain on compacted subsoil with a thin veneer of topsoil. Anticipate a two to three year turnaround if you commit to oygenation, compost topdressing, and mindful watering. Quick fixes seldom hold.

Pet damages focuses in winter months and very early spring. Flush those areas with water to thin down salts, after that topdress with a light layer of compost and seed when dirt warms. Tall fescue recuperates better than bluegrass under repeat traffic.

Sidewalk strips warm up and dry out faster than the grass proper. Take into consideration drought-tolerant blends, a tiny drip line under compost, or exchanging lawn for a challenging perennial border. It is much lawn maintenance professionals in Philadelphia better to have a strip that looks deliberately planted than a churned-up jumble of weeds and dust.

Slope areas can benefit from slit seeding combined with disintegration control coverings for a period. When established, deeper-rooted high fescue outmatches rye in holding soil.

Bringing all of it together

A Philly grass prospers when you sync with the city's seasons and soils. Springtime sets the table, summertime tests your patience, and drop benefits the work. The ideal yard care business in Philadelphia amplifies your efforts with precise timing, honest support, and sharp implementation. They know when to seed and when to wait, when to feed and when to keep back, when to fight weeds and when to reconsider the planting.

Whether you keep the job internal or companion with an expert team, the principles remain the same. Construct healthy soil. Cut high with sharp blades. Water deeply however not regularly. Aerate and seed in fall. Select plants that match the site as opposed to forcing the website to match the plant. With that strategy, your grass becomes more than an environment-friendly surface area. It turns into a resilient landscape that looks good in April, survives July, and rebounds with vigor in October. And that, in Philadelphia's environment, is the mark of work well done.

EAS Landscaping Address: 1234 N 25th St, Philadelphia, PA 19121
Phone: +1 267-670-0173
Website: https://easlandscaping.com/

EAS Landscaping

EAS Landscaping

EAS Landscaping is a Philadelphia-based landscape design and construction company specializing in artistic, sustainable outdoor spaces, including landscaping, hardscaping, garden design, and custom landscape architecture for residential projects.

View us on Google Maps
1234 N 25th St
Philadelphia, PA
19121
US

Business Hours

  • Monday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Tuesday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Wednesday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Thursday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Friday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Saturday: 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM
  • Sunday: Closed

Follow Us


EAS Landscaping is a landscaping company

EAS Landscaping is based in Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States

EAS Landscaping address is 1234 N 25th St Philadelphia PA 19121 United States

EAS Landscaping phone number is +1 267 670 0173

EAS Landscaping website is https://easlandscaping.com/

EAS Landscaping operates on Tuesday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Wednesday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Thursday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Friday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Saturday from 9 AM to 1 PM

EAS Landscaping is closed on Sunday

EAS Landscaping operates on Monday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping is connected with Brooks Brothers Construction

Brooks Brothers Construction provides hardscaping services for EAS Landscaping

Horace Captain leads hardscaping projects for Brooks Brothers Construction

Horace Captain has over 30 years of hardscaping experience

EAS Landscaping provides landscaping services

EAS Landscaping provides hardscaping services

EAS Landscaping provides landscape design services

EAS Landscaping provides landscape construction services

EAS Landscaping provides native plant installation and guidance

EAS Landscaping provides garden design services

EAS Landscaping provides residential landscape architecture services

EAS Landscaping provides fencing services

EAS Landscaping does not provide lawncare services

EAS Landscaping installs sod only as part of a larger design project

EAS Landscaping specializes in artscape landscape projects

EAS Landscaping collaborates with clients to create sustainable landscape designs

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in horticulture

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in landscape construction

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in project management

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in material logistics

EAS Landscaping won Philadelphia Sustainable Landscape Award

EAS Landscaping was awarded Best Urban Garden Design Philadelphia

EAS Landscaping received Recognition for Artistic Landscape Excellence

EAS Landscaping Google Maps link is https://maps.app.goo.gl/S64Ns9YXGW3pb42m8

EAS Landscaping has a YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPgmI0GioirEfnZG7hl4t7Q

EAS Landscaping has an Instagram profile https://www.instagram.com/easlandscaping/

EAS Landscaping uses social media for brand promotion

EAS Landscaping uses social media to showcase landscaping projects


Frequently Asked Questions About Lawn Care in Philadelphia


How much does lawn service cost in Philadelphia?

Lawn service in Philadelphia typically costs between $40 and $80 per visit for standard mowing. Pricing varies based on lot size, grass height, terrain, and service frequency. Additional services such as edging, trimming, or seasonal cleanup increase the total cost.

How much does lawn care cost in PA?

In Pennsylvania, routine lawn care generally ranges from $35 to $90 per visit. Monthly costs average $120 to $250 depending on services included. Fertilization, weed control, and aeration are usually priced separately.

What services are offered by Lawnstarter lawn care service in Philadelphia?

The platform typically offers lawn mowing, edging, trimming, and debris cleanup. Optional services commonly include fertilization, weed control, aeration, overseeding, and leaf removal. Availability can vary based on provider coverage and season.

What is the best grass to grow in Philadelphia?

Cool-season grasses perform best due to Philadelphia’s climate. Tall fescue is widely used for its heat tolerance and durability. Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass are also common, often blended for resilience.

What is the average pay for a lawn care worker in PA?

The average lawn care worker in Pennsylvania earns approximately $15 to $20 per hour. Entry-level roles are typically lower, while experienced operators earn more. Pay varies by season, employer, and skill level.

What is the best lawn care for beginners?

Basic lawn care for beginners includes regular mowing, proper watering, and seasonal fertilization. Maintaining correct mowing height and sharp blades prevents stress and disease. Weed control and soil testing can be added gradually.

Do you need a license for lawn care in PA?

General lawn mowing and maintenance do not require a state license in Pennsylvania. However, applying pesticides or herbicides commercially requires certification from the state. Local business registration may also be required.

What is the best time of year for lawn care?

Spring and fall are the most important seasons for lawn care. Fall is ideal for aeration, overseeding, and fertilization. Spring focuses on cleanup, early fertilization, and weed prevention.

What is the most expensive part of landscaping?

Hardscaping is typically the most expensive part of landscaping. This includes patios, retaining walls, drainage systems, and stonework. Costs are driven by materials, excavation, and labor intensity.

Is $20 an hour good in PA?

An hourly rate of $20 is above the statewide median for many labor roles. It is generally considered competitive for skilled or physically demanding work. Cost of living differences can affect how far this wage goes.

How many lawns can a 2 man crew mow in a day?

A two-person crew can typically mow 12 to 20 average-size lawns per day. Productivity depends on lawn size, travel distance, equipment efficiency, and service scope. Smaller, clustered properties increase output.

What is the difference between a landscaper and a groundskeeper?

A landscaper focuses on design, installation, and improvement of outdoor spaces. A groundskeeper maintains existing landscapes through mowing, pruning, and general upkeep. The roles differ mainly in scope and long-term responsibility.


Looking for lawn care in Philadelphia near Philadelphia's Magic Gardens ? Professional lawn care services help maintain healthy grass, control weeds, and keep outdoor spaces consistently maintained throughout the season.